CNA and HCA theory questions

1: Mr. Charlie has aphasia and tracheostomy. You have entered his room to help him get ready for bed. When giving him instructions:
A: ~ Speak softly.
B: ~ Speak normally.
C: ~ Speak loudly.
D: ~ Whisper.
The answer is B. EXPLANATION: For those with tracheostomies speak to them at a normal volume. The tracheostomy does not affect the person's ability to hear. For some it does affect their ability to speak.
2: Why should you close the door when there is a fire?
A: ~ To prevent smoke from coming in
B: ~ Trap the resident
C: ~ To keep the resident’s family out
D: ~ So nobody else can get in
The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Smoke inhalation can cause major illnesses and even death. Closing the door helps keep smoke out of the room and protects yourself as well as the resident.
3: An angry client curses loudly at the nurse aide. It would be BEST for the nurse aide to:
A: ~ put the client to bed immediately
B: ~ curse back at the client
C: ~ ask the client what is bothering him or her
D: ~ restrain the client in case he or she becomes violent
The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Restraints should never be used on a client (unless it's a physician order) and cursing back at the client is verbal abuse. Putting the client to bed immediately is restricting his movement and that is also restraint especially since the client did not express that he wants to go to bed. If a client is angry and cursing out loudly, you as the nurse aide should find out what is bothering him or her.
4: What is the first food to be restricted in a low-sodium diet?
A: ~ Milk
B: ~ Salt
C: ~ Red meat
D: ~ Bread
The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Salt is the first food to be restricted in a low-sodium diet. Salt is a combination of sodium and chloride to flavor food. Sodium without chloride can be found to occur in foods such as celery or beets. Doctors order the amount of sodium that the client can be on. Red meat and bread have sodium and should be restricted also. These foods are not the first foods restricted however. Milk has a low sodium content and typically is not restricted in a low-sodium diet.
5: Transmission-Based Precautions are used:
A: ~ Every day on the job
B: ~ In addition to Standard Precautions
C: ~ Instead of Standard Precautions
D: ~ When treating all residents with terminal illnesses
The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Both transmission-based and standard precautions must be followed to prevent infections from spreading in a facility.
6: What is the first sign of pressure sores?
A: ~ Swelling
B: ~ Numbness
C: ~ Discoloration
D: ~ Coolness
The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Discoloration is the first sign. When you press on a reddened area and it does not turn white, this means a pressure ulcer is developing. A caregiver must alert the nurse immediately. Swelling, numbness, or coolness are not the first signs but do need to be reported to a nurse immediately.
7: Which of the following is a sign of approaching death?
A: ~ Sharper vision
B: ~ Decreasing blood pressure
C: ~ Warm, dry skin
D: ~ Heightened sense of touch
The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Dim or blurry vision and not sharper vision; cold, moist skin and not warm, dry skin; diminished sense of touch and not heightened sense of touch; and decreasing blood pressure are all the signs of approaching death.
8: Which of the following blood pressures falls within the normal range?
A: ~ 119/75
B: ~ 135/90
C: ~ 130/82
D: ~ 140/80
The answer is A. EXPLANATION: A blood pressure that is lower than 120 systolic and lower than 80 diastolic is within the normal range. These other ranges are too high and do not fall within the normal range.
9: How can a caregiver work with symptoms and behaviors he sees in clients with Alzheimer's Disease?
A: ~ Assume that all clients with Alzheimer's Disease are going through the same signs at the same time.
B: ~ Take it personally if a client with Alzheimer's Disease forgets who he is.
C: ~ Work with the behaviors he sees today.
D: ~ Reprimand the resident if he does something unsafe or that is not allowed.
The answer is C. EXPLANATION: When working with those with Alzheimer's, it is best to accept them as they are that day. People go through stages in the disease so they are not doing all the same signs at the same time. We cannot take it personally when they do not remember us as it is part of the disease. People with this disease do not understand their actions so we cannot become upset with them or tell them that they have done something wrong. It is our duty to keep them safe so if we see someone doing something unsafe, we need to act to protect them.
10: What is grief?
A: ~ An overwhelming sense of loss or sorrow
B: ~ Brief sadness
C: ~ Complaint or annoyance that should be reported
D: ~ Injustice against a resident
The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Grief entails for most an overwhelming sense of loss or sorrow. Support those going through the grief process by listening to them and providing assistance when they request help.